Why Does Trump Think He Can Win Arizona
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Joe Biden is the president-elect of the United States, with a wide atomic number 82 in both the electoral college and in the popular vote. President Trump has refused to concede, uttering groundless allegations of election fraud that have been amplified past allies and conservative media outlets. His campaign and others take gone to courtroom in half-dozen states, where Biden'southward total margin is more than 312,000, to challenge certain ballots or the certification of the vote. The president's legal squad has yet to produce any evidence in court to support its speculative claims of widespread fraud.
Here are the facts about the president's efforts to question the fairness and integrity of the election, also as updates on litigation. In each department, nosotros've highlighted quotes so readers can come across their significance at a glance.
The latest developments
- The Supreme Courtroom on Dec. 8 rejected a last-minute bid to overturn Pennsylvania's election results, a major setback to Trump'southward effort to opposite his loss. The president said he would join a new Supreme Courtroom complaint, filed past the Texas attorney full general, that targets results from four swing states.
- Trump'south legal efforts have been struck down in federal cases in Georgia and Michigan and in state courts in Arizona, Nevada and Wisconsin.
- More than 200 Republicans in Congress have declined to take a stand on Trump'south imitation merits of winning the election.
- Dec. 8 was "safe harbor" twenty-four hours. Every state except Wisconsin met the borderline to certify its votes free of legal challenges, which locks Congress in to accepting the votes of the state's electors on Dec. 14.
Was voting software from Dominion compromised?
Trump claim: Trump has spread claims that voting software is "used in states where tens of thousands of votes were stolen from us and given to Biden." He said in repeated tweets that Dominion Voting Systems is "horrible, inaccurate and anything but secure," all of which were flagged by Twitter as disputed. He retweeted a baseless report that the voting-auto organization had "deleted ii.7 one thousand thousand Trump votes nationwide."
Reality: There is no evidence that whatever voting systems were compromised, co-ordinate to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, which is part of the Section of Homeland Security. "The systems and processes used by ballot officials to tabulate votes and certify official results are protected by various safeguards that aid ensure the accuracy of ballot results," the agency notes on its "Rumor Control" page that refutes disinformation and misinformation about the accuracy of the ballot results. "These safeguards include measures that assistance ensure tabulation systems function as intended, protect against malicious software, and enable the identification and correction of whatsoever irregularities."
The president fired the agency's managing director on Nov. 17 with a tweet that carried a now-commonplace disclaimer from Twitter: "This claim about election fraud is disputed." Christopher Krebs led successful efforts to aid state and local election offices protect their systems and oversaw efforts to safeguard against foreign and domestic disinformation campaigns. He had countered the president's unfounded claims of ballot fraud.
Did software misallocate 6,000 votes in Antrim County?
Trump claim, Dec. two: "In 1 Michigan county, as an instance that used Dominion Systems, they found that nearly 6,000 votes had been wrongly switched. From Trump to Biden."
Reality: "The software did non cause a misallocation of votes; it was a result of user human fault," reported Michigan's secretary of state. "Michigan's elections were conducted adequately, finer and transparently and are an authentic reflection of the will of Michigan voters."
Antrim County, which Trump won by 30 points in 2016, initially was awarded to Biden. Election officials questioned those unofficial results and found human, not car, error. The county clerk failed to update the software used to collect voting-machine totals before sending the results. The mistake caused a discrepancy in vote tallies for a few hours, according to an explanation posted Nov. half dozen on the website of Michigan'due south secretary of state, and information technology was corrected.
An Antrim Canton judge on Dec. four ordered ballots preserved on 22 tabulation machines, which Trump attorney Rudolph Due west. Giuliani tweeted was a "big win for honest elections." However, the approximate was responding not to Trump campaign entreaties, just to a voter who argued that damaged ballots might have caused a village marijuana proposal to win by a single vote, the Detroit Complimentary Press reported.
Biden won Michigan by most 155,000 votes. The state certified the election results on November. 23 and awarded Biden all 16 balloter votes.
A Michigan lawsuit led by onetime Trump adviser Sidney Powell that sought to decertify the results was dismissed on Dec. 7 by U.S. Commune Judge Linda V. Parker, who noted that the plaintiffs had non offered any proof that Rule machines had flipped votes from Trump to Biden, but rather brought "an amalgamation of theories, conjecture and speculation that such alterations were possible."
Has the federal regime investigated or found whatever bear witness of voting fraud?
Trump claim, on phone call-in to Fox, Nov. 29: "This is total fraud. And how the FBI and Department of Justice — I don't know — maybe they're involved, but how people are getting abroad with this stuff — information technology'southward unbelievable. … You lot would think, if you're in the FBI or Section of Justice, this is — this is the biggest thing you could be looking at. Where are they? I have not seen annihilation. … It's an embarrassment to our country."
Fact: Attorney General William P. Barr said Dec. ane that FBI agents and U.S. attorneys take been investigating complaints, but "to date, we have not seen fraud on a scale that could accept effected a unlike outcome in the election."
Earlier the election, he had repeatedly echoed the president'due south warnings about the potential for fraud in post-in voting, which many states expanded to offer voters a safe culling during the coronavirus pandemic. After the election, Barr cleared prosecutors to pursue allegations of "vote tabulation irregularities."
Were in that location enough voting errors to overturn results in whatsoever state?
Trump merits, Dec. two, in White House video: "So we're not looking to prove you 25 faulty or fraudulent votes, which don't hateful anything because information technology doesn't overturn the state. Or 50 or 100, we're showing you hundreds of thousands, far more than than we demand. Far more than the margin, far more than the law requires. … The corrupt forces who are registering expressionless voters and stuffing ballot boxes are the aforementioned people who have perpetrated one phony and fraudulent hoax after some other."
Fact: Country officials have certified election results in 6 swing states that Biden won: Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. In two states, Georgia and Wisconsin, recounts fabricated no difference in the results.
On Dec. seven, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, a Republican, recertified the state's results after an audit-triggered mitt recount and a formal recount requested by the Trump campaign. Biden's margin was about 12,000 votes, a reject of a few hundred votes.
"Whether it is the president of the The states or a failed gubernatorial candidate, disinformation regarding election administration should be condemned and rejected," Raffensperger said, referring both to Trump'southward claims and to Stacey Abrams'south 2022 Democratic run for governor. "Integrity matters. Truth matters."
Were representatives from both parties allowed to discover counting of votes in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia?
Claim: Trump tweeted on Nov. 13 that he won Pennsylvania because "700,000 ballots were not allowed to be viewed in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh." He and Giuliani, his personal chaser, have continued to make the claim. In a court filing, the Trump campaign contended that "Allegheny and Philadelphia Counties alone received and processed 682,479 mail-in and absentee ballots without review by the political parties and candidates."
On Dec. 2, in a 46-minute video from the White Business firm, Trump repeated his claim and added: "There is only one possible reason that the decadent Democrat political machine would oppose transparency during the vote counting. It'south because they know they are hiding illegal activity. It'southward very simple. This is an egregious, inexcusable and irreversible harm that stains the entire election. All the same this unprecedented practise of excluding our observers, our vote watchers, as some people call them, occurred in Democrat-run cities, in key states all beyond the nation."
Fact: Nether Pennsylvania ballot police, each political party and candidate is entitled to have a representative "in the room" to watch ballots being counted, and land and local officials have said that all parties had access to the count. Allegheny County spokeswoman Amie Downs has said that "at no fourth dimension were canvassing operations conducted without observers having the opportunity to see the process and the counting." Braced for conspiracy theories, Philadelphia authorities live-streamed the count online. Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf (D) said on Nov. 4 that "all parties accept canvass observers" during the count, which continued for several days. Some 2.4 million people in Pennsylvania voted by mail in the 2022 election, and their ballots could not be opened and counted until Ballot Day, according to a law enacted by the state's Republican-controlled legislature.
In its ongoing federal suit against the state and county boards of election, the campaign dropped its claim for legal action based on the exclamation that observers were denied access to the count. In a revised adapt filed on November. 15, the campaign again asked U.S. District Judge Matthew West. Brann to block the certification of Pennsylvania's election results. Merely a secondary asking to block the certification of all votes where observer access was allegedly restricted was deleted in the amended suit. And the new version stripped out all of the legal counts based on the allegation that ballots were counted in secret.
Trump's pared-downward lawsuit and so focused on allegations that Republicans were illegally disadvantaged because some Democratic-leaning counties allowed voters to set up errors on their mail ballots. Counties have said this affected just a small number of votes.
In a ruling on Nov. 21, Brann dismissed the conform, writing that the Trump campaign had used "strained legal arguments without merit and speculative accusations" stitched together "like Frankenstein's Monster" in a bid to throw out millions of votes. A federal appeals court upheld that ruling on Nov. 27, writing: "Charges require specific allegations so proof. We take neither hither. Voters, not lawyers, choose the President. Ballots, not briefs, decide elections."
Secretarial assistant of the Commonwealth Kathy Boockvar (D) certified Biden'due south victory on Nov. 24, after receiving official confirmation of the presidential vote totals from all 67 counties in the state. Wolf then signed a certificate selecting Biden'due south slate of electors, which was submitted to the federal government.
Did election officials manipulate signature-verification mechanism?
Trump claim: Trump has repeated unfounded claims that election officials in Democratic-leaning Clark Canton manipulated a car used to verify signatures to "allow large numbers of ballots to be counted that otherwise would never have passed muster." In a 46-minute video posted online, Trump claimed that officials had "intentionally lowered" the machine's standard for matching a ballot signature to signatures on file. "This machine was prepare at the lowest level, according to one report," he said. "They said yous could sign your name every bit Santa Claus and information technology would be accepted."
Reality: After a nine-hour evidentiary hearing that focused in large function on the signature-verification auto, a Carson City judge constitute no evidence that the use of the and so-called Agilis car was illegal, error-decumbent or had led to the counting of fraudulent votes. In fact, he pointed out, Clark County had used the same Agilis machine in the June primary, and Republicans had not complained until the eve of the general ballot.
Clark County Registrar of Voters Joe Gloria said the manufacturer of the Agilis did not recommend any item setting; the machine had arrived preset at a default level of fifty. Clark County adjusted that level to 40, but fifty-fifty with that adjustment, the machine verified only the virtually obvious signature matches, about xxx per centum of the full. The residual were verified manually by election workers.
The Trump campaign appealed the guess's ruling to the Nevada Supreme Courtroom, which declined to order whatever changes to Clark County'due south procedure, finding that the campaign did non have sufficient bear witness to support its allegations. And then other Republicans filed a lawsuit making similar claims in federal courtroom, adding a new claim that the Agilis machine's failure had disenfranchised one voter, Jill Stokke. Stokke said she went to vote in person, only to learn that county records showed her as already having cast a mail ballot. Her lawyers argued that was the fault of the Agilis automobile, which had wrongly verified someone else'south signature as Stokke's.
But there was no evidence that the Agilis machine was involved at all. In fact, when Stokke complained, officials reviewed her signature manually and institute it to be a match. They told her she could vote if she signed an affidavit swearing that the signature on the postal service ballot was not hers. She refused.
The federal judge too declined to order changes, finding "footling to no testify that the car is not doing what it is supposed to do."
The Trump campaign, in a lawsuit seeking to overturn the election results in Nevada, is yet arguing that the Agilis automobile is deeply flawed.
On December. 4, Estimate James T. Russell of the Offset Judicial District Court in Carson City vetted each claim of fraud and wrongdoing fabricated past the Trump entrada in the land and found that none was supported by convincing proof. The judge dismissed the claiming with prejudice, ruling that the campaign failed to offer any basis for annulling more 1.3 million votes bandage in the land in the presidential race.
The campaign "did not show under any standard of proof that illegal votes were cast and counted, or legal votes were not counted at all, due to voter fraud, nor in an corporeality equal to or greater than" Biden'south margin of victory, which was near 33,600 votes, Russell wrote.
The Trump entrada has appealed the conclusion to the Nevada Supreme Courtroom.
Does video testify suitcases stuffed with ballots or standard storage?
Trump claim: The president retweeted his ain campaign account's tweet that "video footage from Georgia shows suitcases filled with ballots pulled from under a table Subsequently supervisors told poll workers to go out room and 4 people stayed behind to keep counting votes." At a rally Dec. 5 in Valdosta, Ga., for Republican Sens. Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue ahead of runoff elections on January. 5, he said: "I don't run to see if people are walking in with suitcases and putting them under a tabular array with a black robe effectually it. I don't do that. That's upwardly to your government hither."
Reality: An affidavit filed by the principal investigator for the Georgia Secretary of State's Office on Dec. 6 stated that a review of security footage showed no ballots were placed nether the table during the day.
Frances Watson wrote: "Investigation and review of the entire security footage revealed that there were no mystery ballots that were brought in from an unknown location and hidden nether tables as had been reported by some."
After interviewing witnesses and viewing the security footage from the arena, Watson "discovered that observers and media were not asked to leave. They only left on their own when they saw i group of workers, whose job was simply to open up envelopes and who had completed that task, besides go out."
Boxes that were packed with ballots that had already been opened but not counted were resealed and placed under the table for the next session of counting, Watson said in the affirmation.
Georgia originally certified its election results on Nov. twenty. The state has completed its third count of the more than 5 million ballots cast in the land and recertified the results on December. 7.
On November. 30, a top Raffensperger adjutant, Gabriel Sterling, said of the disinformation: "They're insanity. Fever dream. Fabricated upwards. Net cabal."
He called on Trump to stop spreading false claims about fraud, saying in an impassioned speech communication that the rhetoric was leading to threats of violence against ballot workers.
On Dec. 6, Sterling said he decided to speak out later receiving a phone call from a project managing director at Dominion Voting Systems, the company that has been at the center of the false fraud claims by Trump and his allies.
Sterling said the managing director told him "in a very audibly shaken voice" that 1 of his contractors, "a young tech" in Georgia, had been receiving decease threats.
"He took a job a few weeks ago. He's 1 of their amend ones," Sterling said on NBC News's "Meet the Press." "I was going through the Twitter feed on it, and I saw it basically had the swain's name — it was a very unique proper name, so they tracked downwards his family and started harassing them. And it said, 'His name, you take committed treason. May God have mercy on your soul,' with a slowly swinging noose. And at that point, I just said, 'I'm washed.' "
Were thousands of ballots mishandled in Maricopa County?
Trump claim: The president has made a slew of false statements about Arizona'south ballot processes. At a Dec. half dozen rally in Georgia for its two U.S. senators, he said: "A sample of 100 ballots reviewed by a judge found that a very pocket-sized percentage of these ballots — very small, merely when yous await at information technology, information technology was turned out to be very large. It was tens of thousands of votes, more than we would've needed to win Arizona."
In a 46-minute prerecorded video released on Dec. 2, the president said: "In Arizona, in-person voters whose ballots produced error messages from tabulation machines were told to printing a button that resulted in their votes not beingness counted. As well, in Arizona, the chaser general announced that mail service-in ballots had been stolen from mailboxes and hidden under a rock."
A lawsuit filed past Arizona's Republican Party, the Trump campaign and the Republican National Committee declared that "up to thousands" of ballots had been mishandled in Maricopa County, the state'south largest, and would "prove determinative." The suit contended that poll workers pressed or told voters to press a push on a tabulating machine to cast their ballots even later those tabulators flagged an apparent "overvote," in which the automobile believed a voter marked two candidates in the same race.
Fact: Biden won Arizona'due south 11 electoral votes by near 10,000 votes. A judge dismissed the lawsuit on Nov. xiii, subsequently Trump campaign attorney Kory Langhofer acknowledged that only about 190 ballots had overvotes in the presidential race on the count'south ballots.
On Nov. 19, another country judge dismissed a carve up lawsuit, also filed by the Arizona GOP, that sought to take Maricopa Canton redo a mitt count of its audit.
The state's attorney general said his role investigated the unopened ballots, which were delivered back to the proper voters, and plant no wrongdoing.
The county certified its vote on November. 20, and Arizona Secretarial assistant of State Katie Hobbs, a Democrat, certified the state'south election results on Nov. 30. "This election was conducted with transparency, accuracy and fairness in accordance with Arizona's laws and election procedures," said Hobbs, "despite numerous unfounded claims to the contrary."
The state's Republican governor, Doug Ducey, too said the election was properly run. "The pandemic and covid-19 brought new unprecedented challenges for our state. But equally I said earlier, nosotros do elections well here in Arizona," he said. "The arrangement is strong, and that's why I have bragged on it so much."
Hours later, Trump lashed out at Ducey for the certification.
Presently after the certification ceremony, Arizona Republican Party Chairwoman Kelli Ward filed a formal election competition in Maricopa County courtroom. She asked the court to annul the election, claiming misconduct by election officials and widespread errors that had resulted in Biden wrongly being named the winner of the land.
As part of the legal proceedings, Ward'southward lawyers were allowed to audit ane,626 damaged ballots that were "duplicated" — a procedure by which a bipartisan grouping of election workers determine the voter's intent and then fill out a clean, machine-readable ballot. They discovered a total of nine errors that, had they non occurred, would have netted Trump six votes. Applying that mistake rate to all duplicated ballots countywide would have netted Trump only 103 votes — not the thousands that Trump claimed.
A Maricopa Canton judge dismissed Ward'south lawsuit, finding no bear witness of fraud, misconduct or widespread errors that would justify overturning the ballot. The Arizona Supreme Court affirmed his decision on Dec. 8, in time to encounter the federal "safe harbor" deadline.
The "challenge fails to present any evidence of 'misconduct,' 'illegal votes' or that the Biden Electors 'did non in fact receive the highest number of votes for part,' let lonely institute whatsoever caste of fraud or a sufficient error rate that would undermine the certainty of the election results," Chief Justice Robert Brutinel wrote.
Arizona Supreme Court rejects challenge from country Republican party
Was there any evidence of mishandled ballots, voter persuasion or inadequate ascertainment of counting in Wayne Canton?
Claim: Two GOP poll watchers contended in a lawsuit that some poll workers in heavily Democratic Detroit coached voters to cast ballots for Biden and that some Republican poll observers were non given an adequate opportunity to monitor the vote count, an accusation Trump repeated in remarks on Nov. five. They also contended that loads of ballots were improperly brought into the city'due south convention eye in the centre of the nighttime and asked the courtroom to delay certification of the election results.
Fact: Wayne County Circuit Chief Approximate Timothy G. Kenny rejected the poll watchers' suit. "Information technology would be an unprecedented exercise of judicial activism for this court to stop the certification process" that would "undermine faith in the Electoral System," he wrote in a Nov. 13 ruling.
One of the affidavits submitted by Republican challengers was "rife with speculation and sinister motives." Another person who submitted an affidavit had posted on Facebook that Democrats had planned to commit fraud, Kenny noted, writing that "his predilection to believe fraud was occurring undermines his credibility as a witness."
Since Election Solar day, 4 lawsuits have been filed challenging the results in Michigan, three of which have focused almost exclusively on Wayne County, Michigan's most populated canton and home to the state'due south largest metropolis. Biden won the Autonomous-dominated county by 37 points over Trump, or by a margin of nearly 323,000 votes. He won the country's xvi electoral votes by a margin of most 150,000 votes.
Lawyers for Detroit and for the Michigan Democratic Party had argued in court papers that virtually 100 Republican poll challengers had, in fact, been let into the convention center, but that some were not allowed to render after leaving in one case the room filled upward and exceeded its legal capacity.
"Every one of these attempts is a blatant attempt to undermine the voices of a majority of Michigan voters," Michigan Chaser General Dana Nessel, a Democrat, said after the gauge ruled. "No party or politician tin can steal this election."
On Nov. 16, Michigan'due south Court of Appeals rejected a request to opposite Kenny'south ruling, allowing certification to proceed equally required past Nov. 17.
Earlier on November. 17, the Wayne County Board of Canvassers failed to certify its ballot count, deadlocking two to 2 along party lines. Then, in a dramatic reversal several hours later, they struck a compromise and sent the certified results along to the state board, which is also composed of two Republicans and two Democrats.
After that meeting, Trump called Monica Palmer, one of two Republican members of the board, she told The Washington Post on Nov. 19. She has asked to "rescind" her vote to certify the results.
Trump likewise invited leaders from Michigan's Republican-controlled state legislature to run into with him at the White House, where he asked them to block certification of the country's results. He has personally intervened with Republican leaders in Georgia and Pennsylvania, calling to ask them to opposite his ballot loss in their states.
What happened with the postal worker's accusation of ballot tampering in Erie?
Trump merits: The president brought up again a baseless claim that postal workers take tampered with ballots. At his Dec. 5 rally in Georgia, Trump said whistleblowers in multiple states have testified to witnessing postal workers and election workers illegally backdating thousands of ballots, fixing ballots, filling out false birthdays, registering ineligible voters and much more. On Nov. 11 and Nov. 15, Trump tweeted about a Pennsylvania postal worker, Richard Hopkins, who alleged that 2 days later the election, he heard the Erie postmaster say to a supervisor that they had "messed up" past failing to backdate the postmark on ballots that arrived later Election Day.
Reality: Hopkins admitted to U.Southward. Postal Service investigators that his story was not true, and he signed an affidavit recanting the merits on Nov. nine, according to three officials who were briefed on the investigation. He after recanted his recantation, and Project Veritas — the organisation that initially aired Hopkins'southward claims — said he had been coerced by investigators into signing "a watered down statement drafted by them using their words." But the recorded interview shows that federal agents repeatedly reminded Hopkins that his cooperation was voluntary, and that Hopkins repeatedly expressed regret for signing an earlier affidavit attesting to the claims because it overstated what he witnessed. By so, the Trump campaign had cited Hopkins's contentions in a lawsuit seeking to filibuster the certification of election results in Pennsylvania, part of a wide effort to overturn Biden'due south win.
Sen. Lindsey O. Graham (R-S.C.) also had cited Hopkins's story of purported fraud in asking the Justice Department to investigate. Attorney General William P. Barr subsequently authorized federal prosecutors to open probes into apparent allegations of voting irregularities. The head of the Justice Department's Election Crimes Branch stepped downwards in protest, telling colleagues in an electronic mail that Barr'south directive violated a long-continuing department policy intended to foreclose political interference in ballot results.
Sixteen assistant U.Southward. attorneys wrote a letter of the alphabet to Barr saying his dominance "thrusts career prosecutors into partisan politics." The signers, who are all assigned to monitor malfeasance in the 2022 ballot, wrote that they observed no testify of the kind of fraud Barr addressed.
Did video capture a woman stuffing ballots in Philadelphia?
Trump merits: Trump, without evidence, has repeatedly pointed to "bad things happening in Philadelphia." He raised this in his starting time fence with Biden, and in the days before the ballot and in the month since, he has offered various nonspecific versions virtually 100 times. "Philadelphia and various areas around Philadelphia, they cheat, and they cheat like crazy," he told Fox's Maria Bartiromo. "The postal service-in ballots were — are a disaster. They sent millions and millions and millions of post-in ballots …"
A video purports to show a woman putting at to the lowest degree three ballots into a election drop box on a Philadelphia street corner. Mike Roman, Trump's campaign manager of Election Day operations, circulated the video with a tweet that said: "Literally STUFFING the ballot box in Philly! You are only allowed to evangelize YOUR Ain ballot to a drop box!! Trying to STEAL THE ELECTION in broad daylight."
Reality: There is no evidence that whatever wrongdoing took place. In an email to The Postal service's Fact Checker column, Philadelphia District Attorney's Part spokeswoman Jane Roh confirmed that her office had reviewed the video on Election Mean solar day.
"It is lawful for people to act as agents on behalf of voters who cannot engage in the process of voting for themselves — due to illness, infirmity, etc. Information technology is too lawful to drop mail in a mailbox on behalf of other people," she said.
"Zippo in that video is conclusive of wrongdoing," she wrote, adding, "Social media accusations of election interference from the Trump campaign and the Philly GOP circulated since [Election Day], including posts about this video, were never reported to regime — which arguably raises questions near the actual intent of these posts."
The Associated Printing previously reported that the Trump campaign filmed people in the Philadelphia area depositing ballots. The campaign said it was an effort to grab violations, while the state's chaser full general suggested it might be illegal intimidation.
Did mail-in voting create an opportunity for widespread fraud?
Trump claim: In a speech Dec. 2, Trump laid out "the corrupt mail-in balloting scheme that Democrats systematically put into identify that allowed voting to be contradistinct, specially in swing states, which they had to win." He repeated claims that he's made across the election bicycle that mail-in ballots were "sent to unknown recipients with near no safeguards of whatsoever kind [assuasive] fraud and abuse to occur on a scale never seen before."
Reality: There is no evidence that mail-in voting leads to widespread voter fraud. An analysis by The Postal service institute only 372 cases of potential fraud out of approximately xiv.6 million ballots bandage by mail in 2022 and 2018.
Historically, mail-in voting has not favored either political party. However, Trump's continual attacks on mail service-in ballots did make Republicans wary of absentee voting.
Election security laws vary by state, just numerous safeguards for mail-in voting exist in every state.
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Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/interactive/2020/election-integrity/
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